# What is this? This website tracks global **robotaxi rollout**. We ([Autoura](https://www.autoura.com)) run a digital experience platform that incorporates robotaxis within tourism, leisure & hospitality experiences and we need to track: * where robotaxis are (cities & service areas) * where they are expected to be * consumer prices * vehicle capabilities This helps us plan where and when to launch leisure & tourism services using publicly available robotaxis. i.e. our focus is much more on **cities** & **services** rather than engineering & alliances. We also track **vehicles** that may be suitable for robotaxi and other shared consumer usage. Learn more about what we (Autoura) are doing with autonomous vehicles #### Commercially sensitive information All information included here is publicly available information rather than information shared with Autoura under commercial NDA or other obligations. # Suggest an edit ### Corrections & additions If you wish to suggest an addition/correction please email us at ### Style guide **Robotaxi** We define a robotaxi as an autonomous vehicle that is publicly hailable (e.g. via an app) and carries humans (rather than goods). i.e. a privately owned & operated autonomous vehicle, even if operating on public roads, is not a robotaxi. Robotaxis must also go on a route (A>B) as defined by the rider, rather than e.g. an autonomous shuttle on a fixed route. **Other consumer autonomous vehicles** One edge case could be if an autonomous vehicle is made available to hotel guests (but not publicly hailable). As any consumer (with sufficient means) can pay to become a hotel guest, these are within scope for this wiki although we wouldn't necessarily call them robotaxis. Likewise, if a car-hire company is able to rent out an autonomous vehicle to consumers, we may include their services in this wiki although these are not robotaxis. We are focussed on ground transport (e.g. not autonomous eVTOL). #### Page groups These definitions are work in progress, however: * A *mobility platform* is an entity that a consumer interacts with, that operates vehicles, and is available in multiple geographies. Vertically integrated entities (e.g. those that market and retail to consumers, and operate robotaxi vehicles) are mobility platforms * A *vehicle* is something that an *operator* may buy and operate in order to become a *platform*, however an operator/vehicle combination may choose to distribute via *Retail & MaaS.* We don't intend to list *every* concept vehicle, but we list some * An *operator* doesn't have their own vehicles, or driving capability, but is operating autonomous vehicle services that consumers can use * A *driver* is technology that can drive a vehicle. Normally you would find the driver within an independent vehicle, or within a mobility platform vehicle, but there are a few companies that we want to list here but are neither a vehicle nor a mobility platform There is some overlap (and entities can move between page groups over time). **Automotive OEM companies** As most OEMs have investments in mobility platforms, we tend to focus on on the mobility platforms rather than the OEMs themselves. Info about OEM concept vehicles tends to be published in vehicles, even if those vehicles may ultimately be used within their mobility platforms # Summaries ### Summaries published by others EETimes - Great summary of alliances & engineering behind robotaxi fleets - ![](/files/JWqaKOCdwtt0qJxMOVud) ### Impact Good financial analysis of consumer prices by McKinsey - # Asia Robotaxis are available to the public in: #### China * [Beijing](/cities/asia/beijing) * [Bo’ao Dongyu](/cities/asia/boao-dongyu) * [Changsha](/cities/asia/changsha) * [Chengdu](/cities/asia/chengdu) * [Chongqing](/cities/asia/chongqing) * [Guangzhou](/cities/asia/guangzhou) * [Haikou](/cities/asia/haikou) * [Hefei](/cities/asia/hefei) * [Hong Kong](/cities/asia/hong-kong) * [Shanghai](/cities/asia/shanghai) * [Shenzen](/cities/asia/shenzen) * [Suzhou](/cities/asia/suzhou) * [Wuhan](/cities/asia/wuhan) * [Wuzhen](/cities/asia/wuzhen) * [Yangquan](/cities/asia/yangquan) #### Elsewhere * [Seoul](/cities/asia/seoul) * [Singapore](/cities/asia/singapore) ### Soon * [Tokyo](/cities/asia/tokyo) - 2025 # Beijing ### Status [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) is available to the public [PonyAI](/platforms/ponyai) is available to the public [WeRide](/platforms/weride) is available to the public [AutoX](/platforms/autox) is testing ### Airport transfers Baidu and Pony.ai receive permit to offer robotaxis at Daxing airport (February 2024) **Source**: ### Apollo 8am-10pm Book via ApolloGo app We don't have a map but we do have this launch information that may still be current () : "Our Apollo Go Robotaxi service operates within a 700-kilometer area (currently the largest autonomous driving test area and longest road network in China). While we currently have 14 pick-up and drop-off stations approved and opened to the public, we’ll expand to nearly 100 pick-up and drop-off stations covering residential and business areas in Yizhuang, Haidian, and Shunyi districts in the near future." {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} The Apollo Go robotaxis will operate at Shougang Park – an industrial park on the west side of Beijing which will be a site for the 2022 winter Olympics. The firm says the taxis are fully driverless and will offer the first commercial service of its kind in China.Service areas - Source: {% embed url="" %} ### WeRide Services will be available daily from 9am to 5pm. {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Pony AI "Pony.ai was one of two robotaxi operators awarded a permit by Beijing city authorities to offer driverless service in southeastern Beijing. (Pony.ai has had a permit to driverless test since October 2021 but not with the general public in the car.)" **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Transit We normally don't cover transit but this is interesting from Neolix: {% embed url="" %} # Bo’ao Dongyu ### Status * [WeRide](/platforms/weride) available to the public The pilot area covers a total of 17km of open roads, connecting the Bo’ao Airport and Dongyu Island. The project covers multiple stations under various scenarios, including airport, scenery sights, and parks. The project has been up and running since April 14th 2022. Users can hail a WeRide Robotaxi via the WeRide Go mobile application upon arrival at the Bo’ao airport from 9:00 to 18:00. **Source**: # Changsha ### Status * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) available to the public {% embed url="" %} # Chengdu ### Status * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) available to the public # Chongqing ### Status * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) available to the public ### Apollo {% embed url="" %} 9.30 am to 4.30 pm "The service areas span 30 square km (11.58 square miles) in Chongqing’s Yongchuan District" **Source**: {% embed url="" %} # Guangzhou ### Status * [PonyAI](/platforms/ponyai) is commercially licensed * [AutoX](/platforms/autox) is available to the public * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) available to the public * [WeRide](/platforms/weride) is available to the public ### PonyAI Pony.ai, the leading global autonomous driving technology company, announced it is the first and only autonomous driving (AD) company to obtain a taxi license in China. Pony.ai was awarded a permit to operate 100 autonomous vehicles as traditional taxis in Nansha, Guangzhou. In May, Pony.ai will start charging fares in the entire 800 square kilometers of Nansha with 100 robotaxis and intends to gradually expand the scale and scope of service to other areas of Guangzhou to benefit more residents. Passengers can hail rides and pay for the service through the PonyPilot+ App. The robotaxis will operate in both daytime and nighttime with service hours from 8:30 to 22:30 and with fares based on the standard taxi pricing in Guangzhou. While the Pony.ai robotaxi currently retains a safety driver, the company expects to remove the driver over the short to intermediate time frame. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### AutoX In 2019, AutoX was one of the first companies to obtain the Guangzhou RoboTaxi Test Permit. Guangzhou is a major economic hub in the Greater Bay Area. Together with Shenzhen, it provides a great market for RoboTaxi in the south part of China. AutoX has successfully deployed a fleet of vehicles in Guangzhou. ### Apollo Passengers in Guangzhou can hail Apollo’s robotaxis in Guangzhou Science City, an area in the Huangpu industrial district that has been earmarked for development as a smart manufacturing hub. This can be done through the Baidu Maps or Apollo Go apps, and there are 237 boarding points where users can meet their vehicles. {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### WeRide 8 autonomous 24/7 routes available now: {% embed url="" %} # Haikou ### Status * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) available to the public {% embed url="" %} # Hefei ### Status * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) is available to the public **Source**: ### Service area * Binhu area in Baohe District * 54 recommended pick-up locations * Operation times 9:00 to 17:00 # Hong Kong {% embed url="" %} # Seoul ### Status [42dot](/platforms/42dot) available to the public [Kakao Mobility](/platforms/kakao-mobility) available to the public ### 42dot ![](/files/zCYhzCnv1hQ1C0sZh4uM) See full information about service areas and times - in summary it appears to be daylight Monday to Saturday, with a lunch break ### 42 dot shuttle "The buses can carry seven passengers and will initially circulate on a 2.1-mile loop around Cheonggye Stream, a busy tourist and commercial area in downtown Seoul. Rides are free during the launch period and the public can board at two stops along the route after booking a seat on a mobile app." **Source**: ### Kakao Mobility / RoboRide The pilot RoboRide will be the first car-hailing service with autonomous driving vehicles to operate in Gangnam, one of the most congested areas in metropolitan Seoul. The RoboRide pilot service will operate from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., from Monday to Friday, to minimize any possible inconveniences on the road. Up to three passengers can be on a ride, whereas a safety driver will be in the vehicle to respond to any emergencies. The Group plans to operate an initial demonstration service for internally selected personnel, and then expand the pilot service targets to general customers in the future. RoboRide will collaborate with Jin Mobility, a Korean startup operating the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered car-hailing mobility platform ‘i.M.’. Jin Mobility will be in charge of operating the two IONIQ 5 RoboRide units on its i.M application **Source**: # Shanghai ### Status * [AutoX](/platforms/autox) is available to the public * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) is available to the public * [Didi](/platforms/didi) is available to the public * [SAIC Mobility](/platforms/saic) / [Momenta](/platforms/momenta) is testing * [QCraft](#qcraft) is available to the public ### AutoX 8am-10pm In Aug 2019, AutoX signed a partnership with the City of Shanghai to jointly launch the first commercial robotaxi fleet in China. In 2020, AutoX launch a fleet of RoboTaxi vehicles to the general public. Any customers could use the Alibaba Amap app to hail an AutoX self-driving RoboTaxi. Ordering instructions ### Apollo "Riders in Shanghai can use the Apollo Go app to call a robotaxi from 9:30 a.m. to 11 p.m. and be picked up or dropped off at one of 150 stations across the Jianding District, which is home to Shanghai University, the Shanghai International Circuit and many tourist attractions." Source: {% embed url="" %} ### SAIC Mobility / Momenta "Robotaxis operate in Shanghai's Jiading District, where self-driving vehicles can operate in areas designated as "intelligent connected vehicle test roads." - {% embed url="" %} ### Didi {% embed url="" %} ### QCraft "[QCraft](/vehicles/qcraft), a Chinese autonomous driving startup, said at a Wednesday conference that it is partnering with ride-hailing firm [T3](/platforms/t3-mobility) to bring self-driving vehicles onto the latter’s ride-share network in the eastern city of Suzhou. T3 users within the range of those vehicles’ routes will soon be able to select one for a ride." "Starting from July 2023, QCraft and T3 will begin offering rides to public passengers using self-driving cars within a restricted area in Suzhou, a neighboring city of Shanghai, where the companies are already testing the vehicles." **Source**: # Shenzen ### Status * [AutoX](/platforms/autox) available to the public * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) available to the public * [PonyAI](/platforms/ponyai) available to the public & partnered with Xihu Corp * [SAIC](/platforms/saic) launching pilot end 2022 * [Deeproute](/platforms/deeproute) testing ### Regulations Safety drivers no longer required (from 1st August 2022) **Further information**: ### AutoX AutoX’s driverless RoboTaxis operate day and night, in rain and fog, and on all public roads in Shenzhen’s 65 square mile service area. *Pingshan* ![](/files/zd00gZaorGKthCPRLjxp) Source: ### Apollo Mainly central areas, according to this video {% embed url="" %} ### Pony AI "Shenzhen residents can travel throughout Qianhai and Houhai Districts using PonyPilot+, Pony.ai’s robotaxi platform" {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Deeproute News from July 2019 - book via WeChat {% embed url="" %} ### SAIC "SAIC Motor plans to launch Robotaxi pilot service in Shenzhen at the end of December 2022, said Yu Qiankun, technical director of SAIC Motor’s AI LAB" **Source**: # Singapore ### Status [Motional](/platforms/motional) is testing. [WeRide](/platforms/weride) is commercialising {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} **Shanghai (Gasgoo)-** On July 17, 2025, Chinese autonomous driving technology company WeRide announced the launch of fully driverless operations for its Robobus at Resorts World Sentosa ("RWS") in Singapore, marking the first deployment of an autonomous vehicle without a safety operator onboard in Southeast Asia. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} # Suzhou ### Status * [T3 Mobility](/platforms/t3-mobility) / [QCraft](/vehicles/qcraft) is available to the public * [SAIC Mobility](/platforms/saic) / [Momenta](/platforms/momenta) is piloting "QCraft, T3 Go’s Robotaxi fleet starts public operation in Suzhou" **Source**: {% embed url="" %} # Tokyo **Status** * [Monet Technologies](/operators/monet-technologies) announced for 2024 * [Nissan](/vehicles/nissan) announced for 2027 * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) testing 2025 * [Tier IV](/drivers/tier-iv) testing ### **Waymo** The first Waymo, all-electric Jaguar I-PACEs will arrive in Tokyo in early 2025. Our partner, Nihon Kotsu, Tokyo’s largest taxi company, will oversee the management and servicing of the Waymo vehicles. The companies are working closely together to train Nihon Kotsu’s team on operating vehicles equipped with Waymo's autonomous driving system. Initially, Nihon Kotsu drivers will operate the vehicles manually to map key areas of the Japanese capital, including Minato, Shinjuku, Shibuya, Chiyoda, Chūō, Shinagawa, and Kōtō. **Source:** ### **Tier IV** TIER IV, a leader in autonomous driving technology, has successfully completed pilot tests for a robotaxi service in Tokyo, marking a pivotal move toward commercialization as of February 18, 2025. Conducted in Odaiba and Nishi-Shinjuku during late 2024, these trials showcase the potential for integrating self-driving taxis into Japan’s transportation infrastructure. Supported by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the tests highlight TIER IV’s efforts to refine operational design domains (ODDs) and address technical hurdles, paving the way for broader adoption of autonomous mobility solutions. Testing Locations and Scale: The pilot spanned two key Tokyo districts—Odaiba in November 2024 and Nishi-Shinjuku in December 2024—covering a combined distance of 976 km across hundreds of rides **Source:** ### **Monet Technologies** Monet Technologies, a Japanese mobility service firm partly owned by Toyota, plans to test a self-driving taxi service in Tokyo's Odaiba district, starting in July, people familiar with the matter said Sunday. The test will start with Level 2 partially automated driving technology and will examine the feasibility of Level 4 technology that provides fully automated driving under certain conditions. The robotaxi service, partly designed to address serious shortages of taxi drivers, will use vehicles based on Toyota's Sienna minivan. **Source**: ### Mobileye {% embed url="" %} ### Nissan Nissan is planning to launch a self-driving taxi service in Japan in the financial year starting April 2027, the auto giant said on Wednesday (Feb 28 2024). The company said it will begin trials of the commercial service in the upcoming financial year from April, using minivans in an area of Yokohama, south of Tokyo. **Source**: # Wuhan ### Status * [Dongfeng](/platforms/dongfeng) available to the public, both with robotaxis & autonomous buses ([QCraft](/vehicles/qcraft)) * [DeepRoute](/platforms/deeproute) available to the public * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) available to the public ### Deeproute {% embed url="" %} ### Dongfeng {% embed url="" %} "Dongfeng Motor Corporation plans to roll out more than 200 driverless taxis in Wuhan in the following two to three years." - Feb 2021. **Source**: **"**According to Dongfeng Sharing, it will launch over 100 Sharing BUS and Sharing TAXI autonomous vehicles for the project, realizing a totaled operation area of more than 200km in Wuhan and Xiongan New Area.**"** - January 2023 **Source**: ### QCraft ![](/files/Btegh3o62jqTALmIEu1e) Image source: ### Apollo Service area (map & timings) in this video {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} Each fare starts at 16 yuan, followed by a free 1 km and then 2.8 yuan per km. Passengers can now enjoy a 90% discount. **Source**: Baidu, the tech company sometimes called the “Google of China” announced its new 6th generation robotaxi, with plans to deploy 1,000 of them in Wuhan this year. They also forecast they will be profitable in 2025 (on a “unit economy” basis, a type of gross margin.) The new vehicle, which costs them 200,000 RMB to build (around $27,500 USD) is half the cost of their previous generation vehicle. While the new vehicles retain a wheel and pedals, they will operate without safety drivers in Wuhan, where 70% of Baidu Apollo Go’s robotaxi operations currently are without a safety driver, according to the company. **Source**: "Baidu last year (2023) set up a driverless taxi service in Wuhan and a few other places called "Carrot Run" (萝卜快跑), and the experiment is proving super popular with already 6 million rides completed with a fleet of just 1,000 cars. The main reason is cost: without a driver and able to operate 24/7, it costs only 1/3rd of the price of a taxi or Uber. The cost paid by users is between RMB0.5 to RMB1.0 per km ($0.07 to $0.14) which is INSANELY cheap. With such a service, a drive between Boston and NYC (348 km) would set you back between $24 and $48, in your own private taxi! Another added benefit is that they've set up the cars so that customers can sing karaoke or watch movies in the back (something you can't exactly do in a typical Uber). And safety-wise it's also proving much better than human drivers with no major accident in 100 million kilometers travelled. So obviously a better experience from a consumer standpoint and it'll doubtlessly become the norm in a few years. Which of course raises questions with regards to jobs: millions if not tens of millions of people in China live off driving (taxis, delivery, etc.) so we're looking at quite a disruption if all those jobs get replaced by AI. And at the pace at which China moves, it's going to happen sooner rather than later" **Source**: {% embed url="" %} # Wuzhen ### Status [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) available to the public {% embed url="" %} # Yangquan ### Status * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) is available to the public {% embed url="" %} # Europe In 2025... * [Oslo](/cities/europe/oslo) ([Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye)) * [Hamburg](/cities/europe/hamburg) ([Moia](/vehicles/moia-volkswagen) / [Holon](/vehicles/holon)) in 2026.... * [London](/cities/europe/london) ([Wayve](/drivers/wayve)) * [Zagreb](/cities/europe/zagreb) ([Verne](/platforms/verne)) * [Frankfurt](/cities/europe/frankfurt) ([Holon](/vehicles/holon)) In 2027.... * "United Kingdom" ([Verne](/platforms/verne)) * "Germany" ([Verne](/platforms/verne)) Significant other ad-hoc testing is taking place in Europe but nothing that appears to be the scale of testing required for an initial robotaxi service. ### Summaries Connected Automated Driving: EU test site database & map: # Edinburgh CAV Forth project - See also [Fusion Processing](/drivers/fusion-processing) consortium {% embed url="" %} "Passenger service planned to go live in late summer" (2022) **Source**: {% embed url="" %} # Frankfurt ### Status * [Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye) is testing in Damstadt * [Kira](/platforms/kira) is testing * [Holon](/vehicles/holon) has announced ### Mobileye "Kick-off for Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) projects in Munich and Darmstadt" **Source**: ### Holon HOLON, a subsidiary of the BENTELER Group, and the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV) are advancing autonomous mobility in local public transport: both companies aim to integrate autonomous shuttles into the RMV. Representatives from both sides recently signed a joint memorandum of understanding to this end. From 2026, several vehicles from HOLON shall be available for integration in test operation, subject to funding and contract placement. **Source**: ### Kira Langen, a town just south of Frankfurt, is the first place in Germany where commuters can use self-driving cars as part of the public transport system. {% embed url="" %} # Hamburg ### Status * [MOIA](/vehicles/moia-volkswagen) is publicly available * [ZF Group](/vehicles/zf-group) announced a shuttle project (**Source**: ) - going into production end of 2024 {% embed url="" %} ### MOIA Full objectives (November 2024 update): 1000 robotaxis in Hamburg by 2025 **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Ridehailing
Become an autonomous ridepooling pioneer! - Join the waitlist to take part in our test phase for autonomous ridepooling in Hamburg. With a little luck, you could be one of the first to experience the future of mobility for yourself. **Source**: Service hours (afternoon/evening, Monday to Friday) # London ### Wayve * Planned launch Spring 2026 Wayve and Uber (NYSE: UBER) today announced a first-ever plan to develop and launch public-road trials of Level 4 (L4) fully autonomous vehicles in London. This announcement marks the UK as the largest market where Uber has announced an intention to pilot autonomous vehicles. These trials will combine Wayve’s industry-leading Embodied AI platform with Uber’s global mobility network, marking a significant step forward in bringing autonomous vehicles to the streets of Europe at scale.\ \ “Today’s agreement, between two leading names at the forefront of the sector, is a fantastic vote of confidence in this new technology. By fast tracking pilots of self-driving vehicles to spring 2026, we are excited to see safety-first tests that will drive growth, create 38,000 jobs and add £42bn to our economy.” **Source**: {% embed url="" %} # Luxembourg [Pony.ai](/platforms/ponyai) Europe Secures Luxembourg Robotaxi Testing Permit **Source**: {% embed url="" %} # Munich ### Status [Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye) (which is a partner of MoovitAV) - "Kick-off for Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) projects in Munich and Darmstadt" **Source**: [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber) and one of its many robotaxi partners, [Momenta](/platforms/momenta), will test fully driverless cars in Germany next year. The news comes as Europe continues to lag behind the US and China in the number of commercially operational robotaxi services. The companies say they will test Level 4 autonomous vehicles in Munich starting in 2026. (Level 4 describes fully driverless vehicles, without safety drivers, that can operate anywhere within a defined geographic area.) **Source**: # Oslo * [Holo](/operators/holo) / [Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye) See
### 500 vehicles in Oslo by 2027 (Source: Minute 28:58) {% embed url="" %} # Paris {% embed url="" %} More information about Mobileye testing # Stockholm ### Nevs "[Nevs](/platforms/nevs) has already got a significant pilot operation keyed up: a pilot project in Stockholm will operate a fleet of around ten autonomous vehicles" **Source**: # Zagreb "The Croatian startup [Project 3 Mobility](/platforms/verne) is working on the new concept of urban mobility and its representatives are saying that, by the end of 2024, Zagreb will be one of the first cities in the world to get robotaxis." # North America Robotaxis are available to the public in: * [Ann Arbor](/cities/north-america/ann-arbor) * [Austin](/cities/north-america/austin) * [Dallas / Fort Worth](/cities/north-america/dallas-fort-worth) * [Detroit](/cities/north-america/detroit) * [Grand Rapids](/cities/north-america/grand-rapids) * [Los Angeles](/cities/north-america/los-angeles) * [Las Vegas](/cities/north-america/las-vegas) * [Phoenix](/cities/north-america/phoenix) * [San Francisco](/cities/north-america/san-francisco) (Autoura priority) * [Silicon Valley](/cities/north-america/silicon-valley) * [Sun City](/cities/north-america/sun-city) Announced / early testing: * [San Diego](/cities/north-america/san-diego) * [Seattle](/cities/north-america/seattle) * [Miami](/cities/north-america/miami) 2026 * [Washington DC](/cities/north-america/washington-dc) * [Denver](/cities/north-america/denver) 2026 Expected later: * [New York City](/cities/north-america/new-york) * [Tuscon](/cities/north-america/tuscon) For early insight as to where robotaxis might launch next, see this map of public testing locations: # Atlanta **Status** * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) has announced 2025 * [Zoox](/platforms/zoox) has announced testing * [May Mobility](/platforms/may-mobility-toyota) has announced ### Waymo Waymo and Uber are announcing an expanded partnership to bring the Waymo One experience to Austin and Atlanta, only on the Uber app, beginning in early 2025. In these cities, Uber will manage and dispatch a fleet of Waymo’s fully autonomous, all-electric Jaguar I-PACE vehicles, which will grow to hundreds of vehicles over time. **Source**: ### May Mobility May Mobility will directly deploy AVs to the [Lyft](/retail-and-maas/lyft) platform in Atlanta starting in 2025 **Source**: Riders in Atlanta can now hail a May Mobility robotaxi on the Lyft app, marking the first commercial deployment in the two companies’ partnership. The small fleet of autonomous vehicles is Lyft’s latest attempt to carve out a presence in the robotaxi market. **Source**: ### Zoox Testing. See # Ann Arbor ### Status [May Mobility](/platforms/may-mobility-toyota) operating without drivers **Source**: # Austin ### Status * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) available via Uber * [Volkswagen](/vehicles/moia-volkswagen) is testing (commercial launch 2026?) * [Zoox](/platforms/zoox) is testing * [Tesla](/platforms/tesla) is publicly available See for the list of documented incidents. ### Waymo Available via [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber)
### Volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (VWGoA) is starting its first autonomous vehicle test program in Austin beginning in July 2023. The company will kick off its program with a batch of 10 all-electric ID. Buzz vehicles outfitted with an autonomous driving (AD) technology platform developed by the global Volkswagen Group in partnership with technology company [Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye). Over the next three years, VWGoA plans to grow its test fleet in Austin and also progressively expand testing operations to at least four more American cities. Building upon investments throughout this initial pilot, VWGoA anticipates a commercial launch of autonomous driving vehicles in Austin by 2026. **Source**: More US cities will follow in the run-up to a commercial launch in 2026 **Source**: ### Zoox Zoox is turning up the heat in our journey to bring safe, comfortable robotaxi rides to the world. Next stop, two iconic American cities: Austin and Miami, where we’ll soon begin testing. Miami: vibrant nightlife, groundbreaking art, sand and surf. Austin: incredible BBQ, live music, and a dynamic tech scene. In both, sunshine for days — but impressive storms, too. And yes, driving and traffic environments that some may consider challenging. But that’s the point. We’re here to learn, and Zoox is more than ready. **Source**: ### Tesla Launched 22nd June 2025. It runs from 6 AM to midnight everyday. Can request ride to anywhere in the geofence except airports. An invitee can have another person with them. There will be a Tesla employee in the car, but not in the driver seat. 18+ and no pets allowed except service animals. Can record videos during ride. {% embed url="" %}
# Dallas / Fort Worth ### Status * [May Mobility](/platforms/may-mobility-toyota) available to the public in Arlington * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) announced 2026 * [Lyft](/retail-and-maas/lyft) / Mobileye announced 2026 * [Avride](/platforms/yandex) is testing ### Waymo "We look forward to bringing our fully autonomous ride-hailing service to the people of Dallas next year (2026), offering a new era of safe and seamless transportation," said Tekedra Mawakana, co-CEO, Waymo. "Working together with our fleet partner Avis, Waymo will offer more riders a stress-free way to get around." ### Lyft {% embed url="" %} ### May Mobility Full information: ![](/files/c90VFmXpV9PyLn24VAe3) Monday to Friday, 8am-8pm {% embed url="" %} Arlington RAPID, the first program in the United States to integrate on-demand, autonomous vehicles (AVs) into existing public transportation, has provided more than 28,000 trips in its first year of service to residents, University students and visitors around Downtown Arlington and The University of Texas at Arlington campus. Arlington today announced that the innovative AV pilot program will expand service later this year, providing convenient, dependable public transportation through at least 2024. **Source:** ### Avride {% embed url="" %} # Denver ### Status * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) has announced for 2026 ### Waymo {% embed url="" %} # Detroit ### Status [May Mobility](/platforms/may-mobility-toyota) available to the public in Ann Arbor Mobileye is testing ([MoovitAV](/platforms/moovitav)) ### May Mobility Full information ![](/files/NLtUidh3wiDAA5iyRq4s) Monday to Friday, 8am-8pm ### Mobileye {% embed url="" %} # Grand Rapids The 18-month goMARTI (Minnesota’s Autonomous Rural Transit Initiative) deployment will cover nearly 17 square miles and include more than 70 pickup and drop off points with a fleet of five [May Mobility](/platforms/may-mobility-toyota) autonomous vehicles, including three wheelchair-accessible vehicles. The free, on-demand rides can be requested through the goMARTI app. ### Service area Monday: Not in operation Tuesday - Friday: 2:00 p.m. -10:00 p.m. Saturday: 10:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. Sunday: 8:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. ![](/files/HawAKCa1VkOY7yjxZt0i) Launch announcement: # Jacksonville ### 2025 The Bay Street Innovation Corridor is an approximately 3-mile, at-grade autonomous vehicle transportation solution that will run along East Bay Street in Downtown Jacksonville, from Hogan Street to the city’s Sports & Entertainment District, which includes TIAA Bank Field, 121 Financial Field and the Vystar Veterans Memorial Arena. Operated by [Beep](/operators/beep) {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Long term The project is supported by a $12.5 million BUILD grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation, funding from the Florida Department of Transportation, North Florida Transportation Planning Organization, and local funds. Phase II of the U2C program includes a full conversion of the JTA’s elevated Skyway APM system. Phase III will expand street level extensions into neighboring communities to connect Downtown Jacksonville to nearby neighborhoods. # Las Vegas ### Status * [Motional](/platforms/motional) available to the public (with Via & [Lyft](/retail-and-maas/lyft) & [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber)) \[Service suspended] * [Zoox](/platforms/zoox) - is available to consumers (see notes below) ### Service areas Slightly confusing as Motional is running two services in Las Vegas, one with [Via](/retail-and-maas/via), one with Lyft/Uber. *"*The fleets for both services will be separate*"* - **Source**: #### *Motional/Via* {% embed url="" %} ![](/files/sIib9SkZ1fQog9MCNq4e) Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm Appears anyone can sign up - more information here Motional describe this as a "soft launch" ahead of full launch in Las Vegas in 2023. **Pickup / Dropoff points** *Robotaxis can currently only be taken between these pickup & dropoff points:* * The STRAT Hotel, Casino & SkyPod * Las Vegas North Premium Outlets * The D Casino & Hotel * The Mob Museum * Container Park * Gold & Silver Pawn Shop * Las Vegas City Hall * Arts District-Main St * Newport Lofts * Soho Lofts * Juhl Building * The Ogden * Clark County Government Center * Bank Of America Building * Clark County Marriage License Bureau * Circa Casino & Hotel * Arts District-Main St * RTC Bonneville Transit Center * Discovery Museum/Smith Center/World Market Center * Carson Parking Lot * Clark County Government Center #### *Motional/Lyft* ***Service suspended May 2024 - Source:*** [***https://techcrunch.com/2024/05/07/motional-delays-commercial-robotaxi-plans-amid-restructuring/***](https://techcrunch.com/2024/05/07/motional-delays-commercial-robotaxi-plans-amid-restructuring/) A wider service area (than Motional/Via) as if your route request doesn't match what can be served by a robotaxi, you will be allocated a Lyft vehicle with a human driver. "Catch an all-electric Motional IONIQ 5 autonomous vehicle (AV) when traveling between popular locations on the Las Vegas strip. Simply visit the Lyft app and opt-in to accept an autonomous ride" "You’ll get a clean, comfortable self-driving car that can fit a maximum of 3 adults (including yourself). And since the trunk is used for the car’s technology, this ride won’t have space for luggage just yet." *-* **Source**: "Your Lyft app makes it easy to get from downtown to the Arts District to the Las Vegas sign all in a self-driving ride. Just use Lyft within the current service area. If a Motional self-driving car is nearby, it’s yours to experience.*"* * Motional and Lyft to begin transporting public passengers in the IONIQ 5 robotaxis starting in 2022 and will scale to a full-fledged commercial launch in 2023 * Las Vegas riders will see a fully customized self-driving experience in the Lyft app in addition to other Lyft options they are already familiar with **Source**: - Further information for riders: and #### Motional/Uber Customers in Las Vegas interested in taking a ride in a Motional robotaxi can visit the Uber app and select UberX or Uber Comfort Electric options for a chance to be matched with a Motional AV. If an autonomous vehicle is available to complete the trip, Uber will match the rider to the vehicle and they will receive an offer to opt-in before the autonomous trip is confirmed and dispatched to pick them up. **Source**: ### Videos {% embed url="" %} *News announcement for Motional. No driving footage* {% embed url="" %} ### Zoox {% embed url="" %} *Videos shows an airport pickup* "We’ve deployed our purpose-built robotaxi in Las Vegas, marking another big step towards commercial launch" - **Source**: (June 2023) {% embed url="" %} Starting today, September 10, we are officially launching the Zoox service on and around the Las Vegas Strip. Rides are free and available through the Zoox app, which can be downloaded on both iOS and Android devices. Zoox is now the first company in history to provide a fully autonomous ride-hailing service in a purpose-built robotaxi. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} # Los Angeles ### Status * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) available to the public (no waitlist) * [Motional](/platforms/motional) announced * [Zoox](/platforms/zoox) is testing ### Waymo {% embed url="" %} #### Current service area (Last updated February 2025)
**Source**: #### **Potential service area**
**Source:** ### Motional * [Motional](/platforms/motional) announced "Motional and Lyft announced the planned launch of a fully driverless ride-hail service in Los Angeles. The service will use Motional’s all-electric IONIQ 5-based robotaxis and will be the first time that residents in Los Angeles can request an autonomous vehicle (AV) in the Lyft app." "Motional and Lyft will share more information on their Los Angeles service ahead of launch." **Source**: #### Food [Motional](/platforms/motional) is also testing food deliveries ([Uber Eats](/retail-and-maas/uber)) in Santa Monica ### Zoox To begin, Zoox will deploy a small number of our retrofitted test fleet vehicles, equipped with safety drivers, in a small area of the Los Angeles metro area. As is standard when we begin operations in a new city, we will first send the test fleet to complete manual mapping missions before beginning autonomous driving later this summer. \[2025] **Source**: # Miami ### Status * [Zoox](/platforms/zoox) is testing * [Waymo](#waymo) is testing ### Zoox Zoox is turning up the heat in our journey to bring safe, comfortable robotaxi rides to the world. Next stop, two iconic American cities: Austin and Miami, where we’ll soon begin testing. Miami: vibrant nightlife, groundbreaking art, sand and surf. Austin: incredible BBQ, live music, and a dynamic tech scene. In both, sunshine for days — but impressive storms, too. And yes, driving and traffic environments that some may consider challenging. But that’s the point. We’re here to learn, and Zoox is more than ready. **Source**: ### Waymo In early 2025, we’ll begin reacquainting Waymo’s all-electric Jaguar I-PACEs to Miami's streets. Through our new fleet partnership with Moove, a global leader in innovative mobility solutions, we’ll work to open our doors to riders in 2026, offering our ride-hailing service via the Waymo One app. **Source**: ### Mobileye {% embed url="" %} ### # New York ### Status [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) is testing Will not be before this NY State Senate bill is passed: New York City announced a new permitting system for companies interested in testing autonomous vehicles on its roads, including a requirement that a human safety driver sit behind the steering wheel at all times. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Service areas *Waymo* June 2025 *"*We’ve applied for a permit to drive autonomously with a specialist behind the wheel while we’re in the city, and we’re also advocating for changes to state law that would allow us to bring our fully autonomous ride-hailing service to New Yorkers.*"* {% embed url="" %} ![](/files/EwCAAKogCdG9OgYauuSb) ### Mobileye {% embed url="" %} # Phoenix ### Status * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) is available to the public * [May Mobility](/platforms/may-mobility-toyota) is available to the public in Sun City ### Waymo See \ See also \ See also \ See also You need the Waymo One app, which (currently) is only available in the US app store...... *"*Starting today (16th December 20220), Waymo is opening our ride-hailing service between Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and Downtown Phoenix to members of the public. The service is available at the 44th Street and Washington PHX Sky Train® Station and is the only autonomous airport service of its kind in the world, available round the clock with no human driver.*"*
#### Customer prices JJRicks full information about Waymo vehicles in Phoenix from local expert JJRicks including ride data, consumer prices, wait time: #### Videos *Nice demonstration of the experience* {% embed url="" %} *Info about the trusted tester program* {% embed url="" %} Many more videos from [JJRicks on this Youtube channel](https://www.youtube.com/c/JJRicksStudios) ### Sun City May Mobility is available in Sun City, powered by [Via](/retail-and-maas/via) May Mobility, a leader in the development and deployment of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology, today announced the launch of the company’s first driverless service for riders on public roads in Sun City, Arizona. May Mobility’s rider-only vehicles will operate daily during the week without an operator sitting in the driver's seat. **Source**: # Sun City ### Status [May Mobility](/platforms/may-mobility-toyota) operating without drivers. **Source**: # San Diego ### Status * [Motional](/platforms/motional) is testing ### Motional "Motional has expanded its robotaxi testing regime to the streets of San Diego" **Source**: # Seattle ### Status * [Zoox](/platforms/zoox) is testing and announced will be 3rd city (after Las Vegas & San Francisco) * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) has announced ### Zoox Will launch in [Las Vegas](/cities/north-america/las-vegas) first, with [San Francisco](/cities/north-america/san-francisco) & Seattle soon after (San Francisco ahead of Seattle) **Source**: CEO Interview [https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianebrady/2023/01/02/zoox-cto-jesse-levinson-the-c-suite-interview/](https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianebrady/2023/01/02/zoox-cto-jesse-levinson-the-c-suite-interview/?sh=195ecb146a01) {% embed url="" %} ### Waymo "the autonomous driving company is in Bellevue, Wash., where it has started testing the fifth generation of its Waymo Driver technology in its distinctive, all-electric Jaguar I-PACE vehicles." **Source**: We’re heading North – the Pacific Northwest to be exact! We’re excited to open our doors to the broader Seattle metropolitan area and offer a new way to get around. Washington State, and many of its municipalities, have been early leaders in autonomous vehicle (AV) testing as they develop their framework for AV operations. 
 We’ve spent years getting to know the area —from communities around the Lake to its notoriously wet weather. This experience has been vital in helping us serve riders rain or shine in cities across the country. We’re eager to bring that same safe, accessible, and sustainable service to you. # San Francisco ### Status * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) available to the public 24/7 (no waitlist / no invite codes required) * [Beep](/operators/beep) operating a fixed route on Treasure Island * [Zoox](/platforms/zoox) testing privately * [Tesla](/platforms/tesla) is invite only ### Waymo Permitted up to 65 miles per hour and bad weather. (CPUC August 2023)
{% embed url="" %} SF residents love riding for entertainment purposes (27% of trips) but also really enjoy Waymo One for more than the usual ride-hailing, with 26% of trips in SF used specifically for shopping and running errands {% endembed %} #### Potential service area expansion
**Source:** {% embed url="" %} ### Zoox "The next steps are now to test the vehicle, which has been redesigned from the ground up to seat four people, has no driver’s seat, and can drive in both directions, on public roads. This is to begin next year (2023) in San Francisco, where adapted test vehicles are already on the road. Starting from these vehicle tests, a successively larger fleet will then be on the road with passengers, which will then be transferred to a robotaxi service." **Source**: ### Tesla Service area
**Source**: ### Beep
The Loop is a free autonomous shuttle that operates every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. The Loop operates on a fixed route and has an attendant on the vehicle at all times. Shuttles arrive approximately every 20 minutes. Between 12 p.m. and 1 p.m. the shuttle will arrive every 10 minutes. Vehicle capacity is 10 people. The shuttle will not run during periods of heavy rain or fog or during major holidays. Further information: ### Videos *Favourite so far* {% embed url="" %} *Barhopping* {% embed url="" %} We (Autoura) converted this route designed by a Cruise employee into our first robotaxi route - # Silicon Valley ### Status * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) publicly available ### Waymo {% embed url="" %} # Toronto 2019, the Toronto City Council approved the [Automated Vehicles Tactical Plan](https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/streets-parking-transportation/transportation-projects/automated-vehicles/draft-automated-vehicle-tactical-plan-2019-2021/) (includes current status) * Testing response and incident preparedness; * Transportation innovation zones and challenges; * Research and development programs; * Automated shuttle trials; and * Human learning **Source**: # Tuscon [PonyAI](/platforms/ponyai), founded in Fremont, California in 2016, announced last month its partnership with Pima Community College. The company will base its operations at the college's new Automotive Technology and Innovation Center on its downtown campus. **Source**: # Washington DC ### Status * [Waymo](/platforms/waymo) is testing and has announced 2026 consumer service ### Waymo t’s official: Waymo One, the world’s leading fully autonomous ride-hailing service, will be ready for riders in the nation’s capital on the Waymo One app in 2026. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### April 2024 "In an interview with WUSA9, Waymo product manager Nick Rose said the vehicles are primarily being tested for now in corridors like Dupont Circle, Foggy Bottom and Penn Quarter, and that there are no plans to operate in Maryland or Virginia" **Source**: \[Not confirmed as editor cant read this in the EU !] # Middle East & Africa Robotaxis are available to the public in: * [AlUla](/cities/middle-east-and-africa/alula) * [Abu Dhabi](/cities/middle-east-and-africa/abu-dhabi) * [Riyadh](/cities/middle-east-and-africa/riyadh) # AlUla ### Status * [WeRide](/platforms/weride) is available to the public ### WeRide WeRide, a global leader in autonomous driving technology, has expanded its operations into Saudi Arabia, introducing its innovative Robotaxis and other autonomous vehicles to cities like Riyadh and AlUla. This move marks a significant step in the company’s international growth and supports Saudi Arabia’s efforts to modernize transportation as part of its Vision 2030 initiative. [Source](https://selfdrivenews.com/weride-brings-autonomous-driving-to-saudi-arabia/): # Abu Dhabi ### Status * [Txai](/platforms/txai) is available to the public * [Apollo](/platforms/apollo) has announced "Eight Txai self-driving cabs, six mini robo buses, and three autonomous rapid transits (ART) – an improved rapid transport system operating without rails — are currently being operated on Yas and Saadiyat islands" (December 2022) **Source**: "Baidu's Apollo Go Partners with Autogo in Plan to Build Abu Dhabi's Largest Robotaxi Fleet" **Source**: {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} # Dubai ### Status Baidu is in talks with the United Arab Emirates about bringing its Apollo Go service to the country, sources told the Post **Source**: Appears previously [Cruise](broken://pages/tZHZcnpLBWLqtaClsZFb) had an exclusive robotaxi agreement with Dubai. {% embed url="" %} ### Vision *Pre-Cruise, however good overview of what Dubai is setting out to achieve* {% embed url="" %} Read more about the self driving transport strategy ### 2024 vision update Dubai’s Road and Transport Authority in Dubai has reaffirmed its aim to make a quarter of transport services self-driving by 2030. The plan is for Dubai to eventually have 4,000 driverless taxis on its roads which is believed to ease traffic, cut emissions and lead to fewer accidents. **Source**: # Jerusalem {% embed url="" %} # Qatar [42dot](/platforms/42dot), Hyundai Motor Group's global software research startup, said Monday it has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Qatar-based investment firm Protocol Capital to collaborate on the Middle Eastern country's smart city project. Under the MOU, the two companies will demonstrate smart city solutions and robotaxi services in downtown Doha, Qatar, while working together to realize a mobility-driven smart city, according to 42dot. As part of the partnership, 42dot will provide mobility services by operating and maintaining autonomous driving-based robotaxi services and vehicle control solutions, while managing, integrating and analyzing urban mobility data. **Source**: # Riyadh ### Status * [WeRide](/platforms/weride) is available to the public ### WeRide WeRide, a global leader in autonomous driving technology, has expanded its operations into Saudi Arabia, introducing its innovative Robotaxis and other autonomous vehicles to cities like Riyadh and AlUla. This move marks a significant step in the company’s international growth and supports Saudi Arabia’s efforts to modernize transportation as part of its Vision 2030 initiative. [Source](https://selfdrivenews.com/weride-brings-autonomous-driving-to-saudi-arabia/): # Tel Aviv ### Status [MoovitAV](/platforms/moovitav) is preparing for robotaxi launch in 2022. "Riders will be able to access the service on the app developed by Moovit, the Israeli smart transit data company Intel bought in 2020 for some $900 million, as well as an app developed by German-headquartered international car rental and mobility service giant Sixt SE, which combines ride-hailing, car rental, car-sharing and other offerings." **Source**: However, seems this deadline will be missed? **Source**: # 42dot ### Ownership [Hyundai](/vehicles/hyundai) ### Current status Operating live to the public in [Seoul](/cities/asia/seoul), South Korea ### Scaleup 42dot, Hyundai Motor Group's global software research startup, said Monday it has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Qatar-based investment firm Protocol Capital to collaborate on the Middle Eastern country's smart city project. Under the MOU, the two companies will demonstrate smart city solutions and robotaxi services in downtown Doha, Qatar, while working together to realize a mobility-driven smart city, according to 42dot. As part of the partnership, 42dot will provide mobility services by operating and maintaining autonomous driving-based robotaxi services and vehicle control solutions, while managing, integrating and analyzing urban mobility data. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Shuttle Self-driving startup 42dot unveils driverless shuttle **Source**: Shuttle in use in [Seoul](/cities/asia/seoul) **Source**: {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Future vision {% embed url="" %} # Apollo ### Ownership Baidu ### Status * Available to the public in [Beijing](/cities/asia/beijing) * Available to the public in [Changsha](/cities/asia/changsha) * Available to the public in [Chengdu](/cities/asia/chengdu) * Available to the public in [Shenzen](/cities/asia/shenzen) * Available to the public in [Guangzhou](/cities/asia/guangzhou) * Available to the public in [Shanghai](/cities/asia/shanghai) * Available to the public in [Chongqing](/cities/asia/chongqing) * Available to the public in [Wuzhen](/cities/asia/wuzhen) * Available to the public in [Wuhan](/cities/asia/wuhan) * Available to the public in [Yangquan](/cities/asia/yangquan) * Available to the public in [Hefei](/cities/asia/hefei) * Available to the public in [Haikou](/cities/asia/haikou) Rumoured: Switzerland, Turkey. Source: Apollo Go said it has provided 988,000 rides across all of China in Q3 2024 — a year-over-year growth of 20 percent. And cumulative public rides reached 8 million in October. **Source**: Baidu Apollo: 839K rides in Q4 2023 {% embed url="" %} ### **News** Baidu, the tech company sometimes called the “Google of China” announced its new 6th generation robotaxi, with plans to deploy 1,000 of them in Wuhan this year. They also forecast they will be profitable in 2025 (on a “unit economy” basis, a type of gross margin.) The new vehicle, which costs them 200,000 RMB to build (around $27,500 USD) is half the cost of their previous generation vehicle. While the new vehicles retain a wheel and pedals, they will operate without safety drivers in Wuhan, where 70% of Baidu Apollo Go’s robotaxi operations currently are without a safety driver, according to the company. **Source**: **"**Baidu Announces Plan to Build the World's Largest Fully Driverless Ride-Hailing Service Area in 2023**"** **Source**: ### Having a go Video explaining how to book via Apollo Go app: {% embed url="" %} ### Testing without a safety driver {% embed url="" %}
{% endembed %} {% embed url="" %} ### Shuttle vehicle Baidu Apollo teamed up with King Long, the 2nd largest commercial bus maker in China, to start the volume production of the L4 minibus called Apolong in July 2018 {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### RT6 vehicle "Baidu will add the Apollo RT6 EV – a cross between an SUV and a minivan that comes with a detachable steering wheel – to its Apollo Go ride-hailing service next year. The new battery-electric robotaxi is Baidu’s sixth-generation autonomous vehicle and the first model built on its Xinghe self-driving platform. The automaker said that developing the battery-electric architecture in-house helped trim production costs to a manageable $37,000 per unit. Baidu said that recent advances in manufacturing have cut production costs, allowing it to eventually build and operate tens of thousands of robotaxis at scale across Chinese mega-cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen by next year. “This massive cost reduction will enable us to deploy tens of thousands of AVs across China,” Robin Li, Baidu’s CEO and co-founder, said at the Baidu World 2022 technology conference. “We are moving towards a future where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.”" **Source**: ![](/files/08EG2YhMjyJ4hZCHfO7n) **Further images available at**: {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Consumer prices not clear “We are moving towards a future where taking a robotaxi (RT6) will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.” "Given a five-year operation, the monthly cost of a RT6 (250,000 RMB) is about 4166 RMB while the monthly wage of a human ride-hail driver in China's tier-1 cities is \~8,000 RMB" This appears to be the capital cost divided by 60 months (5 years), which is not a fair comparison against a human taxi driver wage. Need to have capital cost, maintenance & driver wages for a true comparison. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Jidu *Separate company to Apollo however Apollo technology provides the driving capability* "JiDU’s first brand experience center will open in Shanghai this year, and the first batch of stores is planned to enter 46 cities in China in 2023, completing an initial layout of the company’s national sales network. In addition, Joe Xia announced that the company will have the ability to deliver 800,000 robocars throughout the year in 2028" **Source**: {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Technology "The camera-based ANP 3.0 navigates highways, urban streets & parking in major Chinese cities with ease" {% embed url="" %} ### Long term vision 65 cities by 2025, 100 by 2030 **Source**: Baidu has been testing autonomous driving on open roads since last year, and its Apollo Go robotaxi service has carried more than 210,000 passengers in three cities across China to date, with plans to expand to 30 cities over the next three years. **Source**:[ https://cities-today.com/autonomous-robotaxi-service-launched-in-beijing/](< https://cities-today.com/autonomous-robotaxi-service-launched-in-beijing/>) The search engine giant currently (September 2022) operates around 500 self-driving cars in China, with plans to expand that fleet to 3,000 vehicles in 30 cities by 2023. **Source**: ### Distribution {% embed url="" %} ### Lyft Initial deployments are planned for Germany and the United Kingdom in 2026 pending regulatory approval, with the fleet scaling to thousands of vehicles across Europe in the following years. As part of the agreement, Lyft will deploy Baidu Apollo Go's sixth-generation vehicles as its pioneering autonomous solution in the region. **Source**: ### CAR Inc CAR Inc. (00699.HK), a car rental company which has a fleet of 160,000 cars in China, and Baidu Apollo, Baidu’s autonomous driving platform, jointly announced yesterday the official launch of the world’s first autonomous driving rental product available to the public. This service allows individuals aged 18 and above to access a “fully autonomous + fully self-service” short-term rental experience. **Source**: # Aurora ### Ownership Public / Uber (23%) ### Status Plan to start robotaxi service in 2024 "We continue to expect Aurora Connect, our product for the ridehailing market, to follow the launch of Aurora Horizon" - (August 2022) **Source**: ### Leaked memo Information about next steps on the road to revenue from a leaked memo August 2022. **Source**: ### Uber 10 year partnership with [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber) **Our 10-year agreement to receive Uber’s data gives us a unique competitive advantage. For example, we’ve already leveraged Uber’s detailed marketplace data to:** * Select the city locations of our first launch; * Prioritize our development roadmap—we know what trips are most popular and where they take place (for example, rides to the airport), and what roadways are most frequently traversed; and * Develop tools to optimize our fleet positioning, including pick-up and drop-off zones. ### Testing {% embed url="" %} ### Commercialisation {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} *As we expand, our unit economics will increasingly allow for price-induced market growth. When the price/mile reaches $1 (imagine a $7 trip across SF vs \~$25 today) we expect autonomous ride-hailing to become economically preferable to >70% of car ownership in the US.* # AutoX ### Ownership Alibaba ### Status Operating in [Beijing](/cities/asia/beijing), [Shanghai](/cities/asia/shanghai), [Guangzhou](/cities/asia/guangzhou), [Shenzen](/cities/asia/shenzen) and imminently in [San Francisco](/cities/north-america/san-francisco) San Francisco testing announcement - ### Operation centres "Out of our 10 Operations Centers, 4 are dedicated to the city of Shenzhen. The locations of these Operations Centers are carefully selected so that their service area spans from the Shenzhen International Airport, to the busiest commercial districts of Shenzhen (the Central Business District), all the way to residential districts of tens of millions of people." ![](/files/z9XY9cvyN7YAvkpP0EU5) **Source**: ### Videos {% embed url="" %} *Amazing video* {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} # Avride ### Current status * Has tested in Moscow & Innopolis * Using [Hyundai](/vehicles/hyundai) Ionic 5 vehicles ### Distribution Partnered with [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber). **Source**: ### Innopolis "Passenger trips in a small city Innopolis which is 800 km from Moscow. Rides are free for residents" {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} # DeepRoute ### Ownership Alibaba ### Status * Available to the public in [Wuhan](/cities/asia/wuhan) * Testing in [Shenzen](/cities/asia/shenzen) Partnered with [Dongfeng](/platforms/dongfeng) to develop robotaxis {% embed url="" %} ### Timelines "Cars equipped with the company's L4 autonomous driving solution are expected to begin mass production and enter the market on a large scale by 2024, according to the company." **Source**: ### Hardware "DeepRoute-Driver 2.0 currently costs less than $10,000, and after large-scale cooperation with car companies, the cost of the entire autonomous driving system can be reduced by another 70 percent" **Source**: "Only four months after Deeproute.ai announced it planned to sell its self-driving solution at an attractive $10,000, the Shenzhen and Fremont-based startup said it has further slashed the cost by approximately 70% to $3,000. The touted price tag surely stands out, given Deeproute is promising two to five solid-state lidars, eight cameras, as well as Nvidia’s Drive Orin system-on-a-chip (SoC) for each of its Level 4 solutions" **Source**: ### Tech demo in a complex environment {% embed url="" %} # Didi ### Status * Available to the public in [Shanghai](/cities/asia/shanghai) ### Vision {% embed url="" %} 1 million robotaxis on its platform by 2030. **Source**: ### GAC Aion On April 7, GAC Aion and Didi Autonomous Driving announced that their joint venture, Guangzhou Andi Technology, had been granted a commercial license in China. The joint venture aims at the Robotaxi (unmanned taxi) field and plans to launch its first commercial Level 4 autonomous vehicle in 2025 with a total production of 100,000 units **Source**: ### Vehicle
**Source**: # Dongfeng ### Status * Available to the public in [Wuhan](/cities/asia/wuhan) ### Partnerships * Partnered with [DeepRoute](/platforms/deeproute) for robotaxis * Partnered with [QCraft](/vehicles/qcraft) for buses {% embed url="" %} # Glydways {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} # Hypr ### Timelines * Announced for 2026 * 2000 USD to add to your own vehicle (Tesla in launch video, driving in San Francisco) * Building a robotaxi network * 2 seater vehicle (Hypr Jet) - can join 4 vehicles together (8 capacity) including syncronised music {% embed url="" %} # Kakao Mobility ### Current status Available to the public in [Seoul](/cities/asia/seoul) (as RoboRide) ### Ownership Kakao Mobility Corp., which runs South Korea’s most popular taxi-hailing app, and top Korean automaker Hyundai Co. have agreed to launch a pilot autonomous robotaxi service by the end of 2022. The two companies on Monday signed a memorandum of understanding to launch the mobility service by combining Kakao’s taxi-hailing platform, Kakao T, with Hyundai’s self-driving vehicle Roboride, based on its electric crossover IONIQ 5. **Source**: ### Vehicle See [Hyundai](/vehicles/hyundai) for videos of the Ioniq 5 robotaxi. ### News **SEOUL, June 9, 2022** – Hyundai Motor Group (the Group) announced today it will pilot a RoboRide car-hailing service in Gangnam in Seoul, South Korea, utilizing IONIQ 5 battery electric vehicles (BEV) with in-house developed level 4 autonomous driving technology. The pilot RoboRide will be the first car-hailing service with autonomous driving vehicles to operate in Gangnam, one of the most congested areas in metropolitan Seoul. RoboRide will collaborate with Jin Mobility, a Korean startup operating the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered car-hailing mobility platform ‘i.M.’. Jin Mobility will be in charge of operating the two IONIQ 5 RoboRide units on its i.M application. **Source**: # Kira In the KIRA project, Level 4 autonomous vehicles are being tested in on-demand service in Germany. {% embed url="" %} # May Mobility [ttps://maymobility.com/](https://maymobility.com/) ### Ownership Toyota, SoftBank & others See for full investor details. See also: [Toyota](/vehicles/toyota) ### Current status Driverless availability in [Sun City](/cities/north-america/sun-city), [Ann Arbor](/cities/north-america/ann-arbor) Public testing in [Detroit](/cities/north-america/detroit), [Dallas / Forth Worth](/cities/north-america/dallas-fort-worth), [Grand Rapids](/cities/north-america/grand-rapids), [Phoenix](/cities/north-america/phoenix)\ (Locations ) Peachtree Corners: Integrating into Toyota's e-Palette shuttle. {% embed url="" %} ### Toyota *e-Palette* To be driven by May Mobility technology. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} *Woven City* {% embed url="" %} ### Japan {% embed url="" %} ### Distribution Uber strikes deal with May Mobility to deploy ‘thousands’ of robotaxis **Source**: # Mogo AI \[No website (that is working when accessed from Europe), but they are on Twitter] ### Robotaxi Autonomous driving technology start-up Mogo Auto Intelligence and Telemetics Information Technology is conducting an intelligent transportation project in China. The project in Hengyang City, Hunan Province, involves a CNY500m ($77.3m) investment." **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Mogo Bus {% embed url="" %} # MOIA Subsidiary of [Volkswagen](/vehicles/moia-volkswagen) ### Status Testing in [Hamburg](/cities/europe/hamburg), [Munich](/cities/europe/munich) Will operate the autonomous ID Buzz, likely driven by [Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye) {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} 1000 robotaxis in [Hamburg](/cities/europe/hamburg) by 2025 **Source**: #### *Cities* "and that the goal is to expand the service to 50 major cities in Europe and North America by the end of the decade." **Source**: # Momenta ### Ownership Daimler ### Status Testing in [Shanghai](/cities/asia/shanghai) and [Suzhou](/cities/asia/suzhou) Partnered with [SAIC Mobility](/platforms/saic), heading for launch 2022-2025 Partnered with [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber) ### News Uber said it would add Momenta’s robotaxis to the app starting in Europe in early 2026, with safety operators onboard. **Source**: Good background information: # MoovitAV ### Ownership Intel own both Moovit & [Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye). Moovit is a MaaS consumer facing ride sharing platform. Mobileye provides the autonomous driving technology. Together Moovit and Mobileye are MoovitAV. ### Status Testing in [Tel Aviv](/cities/middle-east-and-africa/tel-aviv) [Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye) is preparing public robotaxi service in [Munich](/cities/europe/munich) & [Frankfurt](/cities/europe/frankfurt), which may ultimately be branded as MoovitAV. ### Booking a ride Sixt is on the vehicle operations side of the MoovitAV mobility platform, as explained on the [Sixt](/retail-and-maas/sixt) page. This means that it is likely ride bookings will be possible via the Sixt MaaS service. Presumably, as a Moovit project, will be bookable via Moovit also. ### Vehicle {% embed url="" %} # Motional ### Ownership [Hyundai](/vehicles/hyundai) / Aptiv ### Status WAS live to the public in [Las Vegas](/cities/north-america/las-vegas) (via [Lyft](/retail-and-maas/lyft) & [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber)) - ceased operations 2024 Announced [Los Angeles](/cities/north-america/los-angeles) Testing in [Singapore](/cities/asia/singapore) & [San Diego](/cities/north-america/san-diego) ### Uber 10 year deal with [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber). **Source**: ### Vehicle {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} # Nevs ### Status Hibernating - ### Ownership Evergrande Group owns 100% of the shares in AB NEVS. **Source**: "Evergrande has tourism operations in provinces including Hubei, Shaanxi and Guizhou, according to its latest annual report. It plans to start rolling out theme park Evergrande Fairyland in 15 Chinese cities from next year, targeting children and teenagers, its website shows. The company also owns a project called Ocean Flower Island in Hainan province, which includes theme parks, shopping malls, hotels as well as a hot spring and convention and exhibition center." **Source**: ### Scale up "An initial fleet will be deployed on geo-fenced public roads next year (2023), followed by multiple projects in Europe in 2024. From 2025 onwards, the solution will be scaled across the globe, as part of the NEVS mobility ecosystem, which comprises the Sango vehicle, a fleet management system and an app as the user interface." **Source**: "NEVS has already got a significant pilot operation keyed up: a pilot project in Stockholm will operate a fleet of around ten autonomous vehicles" **Source**: ### Vehicle {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} Driven by [Oxa](/drivers/oxbotica) # PonyAI ### Status * Available to the public in [Shenzen](/cities/asia/shenzen) * Commercially licensed in [Guangzhou](/cities/asia/guangzhou), [Beijing](/cities/asia/beijing) * US testing in [Tuscon](/cities/north-america/tuscon) ### Toyota {% embed url="" %} ### Commercialisation "Pony.ai, the leading global autonomous driving technology company, announced it is the first and only autonomous driving (AD) company to obtain a taxi license in China. Pony.ai was awarded a permit to operate 100 autonomous vehicles as traditional taxis in Nansha, Guangzhou. In May, Pony.ai will start charging fares in the entire 800 square kilometers of Nansha with 100 robotaxis and intends to gradually expand the scale and scope of service to other areas of Guangzhou to benefit more residents. Passengers can hail rides and pay for the service through the PonyPilot+ App. The robotaxis will operate in both daytime and nighttime with service hours from 8:30 to 22:30 and with fares based on the standard taxi pricing in Guangzhou. While the Pony.ai robotaxi currently retains a safety driver, the company expects to remove the driver over the short to intermediate time frame." **Source**: “The successful autonomous driving tests will pave the way for Pony.ai to introduce Robotaxi and other technologies in Shenzhen,” said James Peng, co-founder and CEO of Pony.ai. Pony.ai hopes to launch Robotaxi services for the general public in Shenzhen in early 2022. With the addition of Shenzhen, Pony.ai has now launched autonomous driving tests or service operations in a total of seven cities in China and the U.S. It is also one of the first two companies to commence autonomous driving tests in all four of China’s Tier-1 cities. **Source**: "Pony.ai has entered into a strategic partnership with Geely's ride-hailing unit [Cao Cao](/retail-and-maas/cao-cao) Mobility and the Geely Intelligent Driving Center to build a robotaxi fleet within the year." **Source**: {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Vehicle {% embed url="" %} # SAIC ### Status Partnered with [Momenta](/platforms/momenta) Piloting in [Shanghai,](/cities/asia/shanghai) [Suzhou](/cities/asia/suzhou) & [Shenzen](/cities/asia/shenzen) ### Series B funding announcement "The funding comes eight months after the two companies (SAIC & Momenta) launched two 100-day trials in the cities of Shanghai and Suzhou. The pilot, which launched in December 2021, tested a fleet of 60 vehicles, all of which had a safety driver behind the wheel at all times. SAIC says it reached a daily order volume of about 20 rides per vehicle" **Source**: # T3 Mobility ### Ownership * FAW * Dongeng * Changan ### IDriverPlus "China’s autonomous driving company, IDRIVERPLUS has officially delivered its first batch of modified Robotaxis to T3 Mobility, the ride-sharing platform established by FAW Group, Dongfeng Motor, and Changan Auto at their strategic agreement signing ceremony." "According to earlier reports, IDRIVERPLUS has received Robotaxi orders from T3 Mobility for hundreds of units, marking the largest Robotaxi order in China’s autonomous driving field then." **Source**: ### QCraft "[QCraft](/vehicles/qcraft), a Chinese autonomous driving startup, said at a Wednesday conference that it is partnering with ride-hailing firm T3 to bring self-driving vehicles onto the latter’s ride-share network in the eastern city of Suzhou. T3 users within the range of those vehicles’ routes will soon be able to select one for a ride." "Starting from July 2023, QCraft and T3 will begin offering rides to public passengers using self-driving cars within a restricted area in Suzhou, a neighboring city of [Shanghai](/cities/asia/shanghai), where the companies are already testing the vehicles." **Source**: "QCraft, T3 Go’s Robotaxi fleet starts public operation in Suzhou" **Source**: # Tesla {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} See for dedicated Tesla robotaxi tracking dashboard ### 2025 * California / Texas launch locations (using existing vehicles rather than Cyber Cab) **Austin** - launch planned 22nd June 2025. It runs from 6 AM to midnight everyday. Can request ride to anywhere in the geofence except airports. An invitee can have another person with them. There will be a Tesla employee in the car, but not in the driver seat. 18+ and no pets allowed except service animals. Can record videos during ride. ### 2026 * Buy for 30k USD * You can buy a fleet (e.g. 10-30 vehicles) * Cyber Cab coming 2026 * Cyber Cab has 20-40 cent USD operating cost / sales price * Robovan (bus) - 20 seater announced **"**Look at some of our projections, it would appear that a robotaxi ride will cost less than a bus ticket, a subsidized bus ticket or a subsidized subway ticket**"** **Source:** {% embed url="" %} ### Cybercab fleet And something I should clarify is that Tesla will be operating the fleet. So, you can think of like how Tesla, think of it as combination of Airbnb and Uber meaning that there will be some number of cars that Tesla owns itself and operates in the fleet. There will be some number of cars and then there'll be a bunch of cars where they're owned by the end user. That end user can add or subtract their car to the fleet whenever they want, and they can decide if they want to only let the car be used by friends and family or only buy five-star users or by anyone at any time they could have the car come back to them and be exclusively theirs like an Airbnb. You could rent out your guest room or not, any time you want. So, as our fleet grows, we have 7 million cars going -- 9 million cars going to eventually tens of millions of cars worldwide. With a constant feedback loop, every time something goes wrong, that gets added to the training data and you get this training flywheel happening in the same way that Google Search has the sort of flywheel, it's very difficult to compete with Google because people are constantly doing searches and clicking, and Google is getting that feedback loop. So, the same with Tesla. **Source**: # Txai ### Status * Robotaxis in [Abu Dhabi](/cities/middle-east-and-africa/abu-dhabi) * Vehicles from [WeRide](/platforms/weride) "Eight Txai self-driving cabs, six mini robo buses, and three autonomous rapid transits (ART) – an improved rapid transport system operating without rails — are currently being operated on Yas and Saadiyat islands" (December 2022) **Source**: # Verne #### See also * [Rimac](/vehicles/rimac) #### Announced * [Zagreb](/cities/europe/zagreb) (2026) * "United Kingdom" (2027) * "Germany" (2027) "The first Verne service will be launched in Zagreb. After Zagreb, Verne will roll out in other European cities (first in the UK and Germany), and in the Middle East. The company has already signed agreements with 11 cities in EU, UK and the Middle East, and is negotiating with more than 30 cities worldwide, who want to become Verne partners." Source: ### Vehicle * Using [Mobileye](/drivers/mobileye) as their driver {% embed url="" %} ## Factory Progress report: [https://www.letsverne.com/media/construction-of-verne-autonomous-ev-production-facility-kicks-off-at-vgp-park-zagreb\ verne
]() # Waymo Education: ### Ownership Alphabet/Google ### Status Live to the public in [Phoenix](/cities/north-america/phoenix), [Los Angeles](/cities/north-america/los-angeles), [Austin](/cities/north-america/austin) & [San Francisco](/cities/north-america/san-francisco), including paying public customers, & airport transfers (Phoenix). No minimum age (for guests), 18 for the booker. Available [Silicon Valley](/cities/north-america/silicon-valley). Announced [Atlanta](/cities/north-america/atlanta) (2025), [Mia)mi](/cities/north-america/miami) (2026), [Washington DC](/cities/north-america/washington-dc) (2026), [Dallas](/cities/north-america/dallas-fort-worth) (2026), [Denver](/cities/north-america/denver) (2026), [Seattle](/cities/north-america/seattle) (2026 ?) Some early testing in [New York](/cities/north-america/new-york) Announced testing [Tokyo](/cities/asia/tokyo) (2025) May 2024: 50,000 paid trips a week {% embed url="" %} ### Vehicles Announced that Geely will be one of their robotaxi vehicle partners. **Source**: ![](/files/ghTpceQlLeNXrQcy8j8h) {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} Start at 2 minutes 27 for English {% endembed %} Announced that [Hyundai](/vehicles/hyundai) will be one of their vehicle partners.
**Source**: [ https://waymo.com/blog/2024/10/waymo-and-hyundai-enter-partnership/](< https://waymo.com/blog/2024/10/waymo-and-hyundai-enter-partnership/>) ### Scale up **May 2023** - Across Waymo One, we are now serving over 10 thousand trips per week to public riders, not including employees. With this latest expansion, we intend for those numbers to accelerate rapidly to 10 times that scale by next summer (2024). More than 150 million people use ride-hail services in the U.S., and with Phoenix and San Francisco as two of the most lucrative and fastest-growing markets, Waymo One is well positioned for continued growth as we commercialize our technology. **Source**: {% embed url="" %} **August 2024** - A Belgian group of transportation officials and industry experts from the automotive industry are in the San Francisco Bay Area and for the first time, a concrete answer to this question has been given, as one of the participants, Tim De Ceunynck, reports. Cedric Dupont, Program Management Director at Waymo, gave very clear guidelines. In addition to a stable legal framework, Waymo needs a local partner who is prepared to provide a budget of €100 million and plan a permanent deployment of the robotaxi fleet. Pilot projects are no longer desired **Source**: ### Customer experience For an idea of their current (test) vehicles in Phoenix, these videos give a good introduction: {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Distribution * Partnered with [Uber](/retail-and-maas/uber) - **Source**: ### Strategic partnerships Toyota Motor Corporation (“Toyota”) and Waymo reached a preliminary agreement to explore a collaboration focused on accelerating the development and deployment of autonomous driving technologies. Woven by Toyota will also join the potential collaboration as Toyota’s strategic enabler, contributing its strengths in advanced software and mobility innovation. This potential partnership is built on a shared vision of improving road safety and delivering increased mobility for all. Toyota and Waymo aim to combine their respective strengths to develop a new autonomous vehicle platform. In parallel, the companies will explore how to leverage Waymo's autonomous technology and Toyota's vehicle expertise to enhance next-generation personally owned vehicles (POVs). The scope of the collaboration will continue to evolve through ongoing discussions. **Source**: ### Personal ownership Waymo self-driving taxis may be available for people to own in the future, CEO Sundar Pichai said on Thursday **Source**: # WeRide ### Ownership Yutong - [Bosch](/vehicles/bosch) (Via strategic partnership) ### Status * Available to the public in [Bo’ao Dongyu](/cities/asia/boao-dongyu), [Beijing](/cities/asia/beijing) * Buses available in 18 cities (globally) * Outlined plans for 15 cities (non-China) in next 5 years (said early 2025) * Some services now available in Saudi Arabia {% embed url="" %} Feb. 24, 2025 - WeRide (Nasdaq: WRD), a global leader in autonomous driving technology, announced approval to launch its latest generation Robotaxi, the GXR for fully unmanned paid autonomous ride-hailing services in Beijing. GXR is WeRide’s second Robotaxi model to achieve fully driverless commercial operations in Beijing. This marks GXR’s first large-scale commercial deployment in China, following its launch on the Uber platform in Abu Dhabi last December. The service area spans key regions within the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, including high-speed railway stations. Beyond urban roads, GXR is also approved for commercial operations on highways, including routes to and from Beijing Daxing International Airport. **Source**: ### Commercially available in France {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Vehicles *Complex driving* {% embed url="" %} *Yutong bus* {% embed url="" %} ## GXR
### Commercial overview {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} # Zoox ### Ownership Amazon ### Status Live in [Las Vegas](/cities/north-america/las-vegas). Will next launch in [San Francisco](/cities/north-america/san-francisco) & [Seattle](/cities/north-america/seattle) (San Francisco ahead of Seattle). Testing in [Austin](/cities/north-america/austin), [Miami](/cities/north-america/miami) & [Los Angeles](/cities/north-america/los-angeles) **Source**: CEO Interview [https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianebrady/2023/01/02/zoox-cto-jesse-levinson-the-c-suite-interview/](https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianebrady/2023/01/02/zoox-cto-jesse-levinson-the-c-suite-interview/?sh=195ecb146a01) "We’ve deployed our purpose-built robotaxi in Las Vegas, marking another big step towards commercial launch" - **Source**: (June 2023) {% embed url="" %} First off, we’ve expanded our Las Vegas geofence: the virtual boundary we operate our purpose-built vehicles in. This geofence spans approximately five miles from our Las Vegas headquarters to the south end of the Strip along multiple routes. It’s larger and more complicated, with three-lane roads, required lane changes, unprotected right turns onto high-speed roadways, and double-right and left-hand turn lanes. Driving in these larger areas exposes our robotaxis to the busiest conditions they’ve ever encountered and provides invaluable data and learnings as we continue to scale. **Source**:

Estimated serivce area for the purpose-built vehicles (not other test vehicles). Source: Reddit: TeslaFan88 (i.e. unofficial)

### Vehicle {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} *Capacity 4 people, no luggage* The car can travel up to 75 *miles per* hour and can run up to 16 hours on a single *charge.* **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Engineering Good update of where at in August 2022 (San Francisco & Las Vegas focus) {% embed url="" %} ### Vision {% embed url="" %} ### Progress *June 2022* Jesse Levinson, the Zoox founder and CTO, told the audience at Amazon’s re:MARS event here Tuesday night that Zoox “recently completed a critical checkpoint that we haven’t talked about publicly yet.” Specifically, he said, the Zoox vehicle operated “with no one inside, no chase vehicle, and no emergency stop, all on open, private roads with non-Zoox agents, including pedestrians, cyclists, cars and trucks.” The vehicle satisfied safety requirements in these tests, which means it “can operate in an unstructured environment at human-plus safety levels,” he said. “And we’re almost ready to do that on public roads.” **Source**: *July 2022* "The next steps are now to test the vehicle, which has been redesigned from the ground up to seat four people, has no driver’s seat, and can drive in both directions, on public roads. This is to begin next year (2023) in San Francisco, where adapted test vehicles are already on the road. Starting from these vehicle tests, a successively larger fleet will then be on the road with passengers, which will then be transferred to a robotaxi service." **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Name {% embed url="" %} # 5G-Mobix {% embed url="" %} # Apple ### Status Who knows! But likely something consumer facing with a focus on digital experience... {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Analysis **"**the sheer number of seasoned auto executives and engineers who end up at Apple’s base in Cupertino, south-east of San Francisco, suggest that a car is Apple’s ultimate goal.**"** **Source**: {% embed url="" %} ### Previously {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ### Acquisitions Apple buys self-driving startup Drive.ai **Source**: June 2019 # Arcimoto / Faction ### GoCar “Leveraging Faction’s driverless technology to deploy vehicles allows GoCar to turn every hotel and tour partner in a city into a GoCar customer counter,” said Alasdair Clements, Co-Founder of GoCar. “By bringing vehicles to where our customers are, we can expand our reach, making it easier for riders to enjoy a GoCar Tour experience.” **Source**: {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} # Aurrigo *Shuttles and pods* {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} # Auve Tech ### Status Mostly doing trials with shuttles **1st generation vehicle** {% embed url="" %} **2nd generation vehicle - Mica** {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} **Source**: # Blees Polish autonomous buses The BB-1 shuttle currently (mid 2024) operates every workday from 8.30 to 14.30 on a 1,8-kilometer-long route through the Valley of Three Ponds in Katowice, Poland {% embed url="" %} # Bosch Strategic partnership with [WeRide](/platforms/weride) *Mainly building at the core technology layer but have presented a shuttle...* {% embed url="" %} Now owns FiveAI, previously talked about robotaxis (although a while back so this may not be a current vision) "FiveAI will use that AI-based platform to take on Uber and other transportation services with a fleet of self-driving taxis." **Source**: # BYD ### God's eye {% embed url="" %} **Source**: # Cabibus 6 cabins, each with room for one or two passenger and hand luggage. Exchangeable cabins, examples: Cabins can be replaced for service or cleaning. One or more passenger cabins can be replaced with parcel delivery boxes for last miles deliveries on evenings and weekends when there is lower demand for passenger transportation. 1 rear cabin that can be booked for a wheelchair passenger, baby stroller or large baggage. {% embed url="" %} --- [Next Page](/llms-full.txt/1)